Does Money Cause You Trouble Find Out How To Manage It

October 31, 2009


Money has been the constant source of heartache since the time the concept of earning was invented. With the passage of time, this commodity and its management has caused more problems than one can imagine. To maintain a constant healthy level of finances, one must master the skills of Money Management, to keep the correct balance between inflow and expenditure. What once had to be done manually can now be done in the comfort of home and with the help of a computer, and a bit of time.

The growth of the software industry has seen a number of packages aimed at this very problem. Not only can they keep track of your inflow and expenses, but can also keep tabs on your checking account, bill payment and personal taxes. Most packages are also useful for small businesses to keep their performance on track. You can also identify the areas where expenses are mounting and take steps to curb that, and you can also find low performance areas where additional inputs may be the answer. These packages are a great help for beginners and veterans alike.

The packages also allow the user to set their own schedules through which you can ‘tell’ the computer to pay certain bills on their due date. This reduces the chances of late payment and the resultant fines. This also helps in determining your financial position say two weeks ahead. The package has its schedule and after considering it, you can get the status of your finances after the various bills are paid.

In the case of small businesses, not only can you do all that a personal package can do but also print out invoices and generate the routine paperwork that is required in running a business. With newer packages being available virtually everyday, the once onerous task of managing your finances is getting simpler and easier by being capable of handling far more than just personal finances for you.

One of the non-apparent advantages of these packages is that all the transactions that you have scheduled into your calendar are stored in its memory and can be produced with the click of a few buttons. You therefore have a systematic set of organised statements that you can simply forward to the IRS (again through the Internet) for evaluation. Taxes that used to be looked at with dread, thinking of all the paperwork it entailed is now a breeze. No longer do you have to spend hours calculating whether you have your workings right. Leave that to the software that manages your finances and rest easy. It takes the headache out and puts the organized feel in!

The greatest thing is how reasonably-priced the packages are, considering how much peace of mind they bring you. Most of them are so easy to use too. They don’t just make life easy for you, they organize your life, too. Financially, it makes so much sense to shift your work to a machine to do - while you put your feet up!
More information on managing your money
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http://www.moneymanagerleads.com

How To Get Debt Collectors Off Your Back Permanently

October 31, 2009


Debt collectors are liars, cheaters, etc… They take advantage of every loophole possible and even break the law. They have been featured on almost every news program from CNN to 60 Minutes. There are laws in place to contain their harassment and collection efforts and to make this process more civil, but most figure the risk of getting caught is minimal and that the rewards of endlessly harassing and fleecing victims is far greater. We now have the power to take back our lives, stop them in their tracks and sue them for more than they are trying to collect.

First, lets start with what is actually owed and how most collection agencies work. Usually a unpaid debt is either sold or turned over to a collection agency. 95% or more of these debts are credit cards, store cards, gas cards, etc… These debts are then tiered according to age of debt, amount, credit, job history, etc… Generally most debts are bought for pennies on the dollar. Recent debt may go for $.15 to $.25 on the dollar whereas old debt that has had numerous collection attempts goes for $.05 or less and debt that is beyond the statues of limitations for the state the debtor resides in goes for less than $.01. So, for instance if you owed $10000.00 on a credit card, the debt collection agency paid at most $2500.00, but probably paid less than $1500 for it. Now, what’s interesting is that they will call and write you stating that you now owe $14000.00 or so stating that it has accrued interest and various questionable fees. This is all profit if you were dumb enough to pay that. A fair settlement would be $1700.00 or less. So, the point here is that you don’t ever owe what they are trying to collect from you - it is always far, far less.

Secondly, lets give you some more ammunition - The 1977 FDCPA (Fair Debt Collection Practices Act) gives you rights the debt collectors won’t tell you about. If you don’t want to hear from them again, its easy. Just write them a letter stating that you wish they cease all contact with you (make sure you put in the letter that - P.S. This letter is in no way an acknowledgement of the above listed debt(s) - that way they cannot even attempt to try and re-age your debt (add another 7years of collection and reporting to further harass). Send the letter registered return receipt requested mail and keep your proof of receipt. If they contact you after this for any reason other than to tell you they are either dropping the issue or taking it to court (99.99% won’t go to court as it costs them more money and their odds of getting anything are almost zero - even with a judgement) then you can sue them for each occurrence for $1,000. People win these suits every day - most settle out of court for a lot more than the original debt (just look this up on the internet under small claims court). You also have the right to question the debt and have the debt collector provide proof. Many debt collection agencies are being sued by many debtors for their failure to provide proof. Just look up Asset Acceptance on the internet - they are one of the biggest abusers of this federal law with thousands of outstanding lawsuits for harassing debt collection practices.

So, now you know how to stop debt collection agencies in their tracks. You know how to get relief - sue them! If enough people sue them things will change. Also use your state and local resources. State Attorney generals go after debt collection agencies that routinely break the law, Consumer protection agencies (the Better Business Bureau, etc…), the Federal Trade Commission goes after the worst abusers, and, of course, your state department of insurance and finance (whom actually licenses these agencies rto operate in your state). You state department of finance and insurance, or similar, has the power to fine, punish and even banish the debt collection agency from your state. Every state requires a debt collection agency to be licensed and put up a large financial bond (around $50,000) to operate in your state. Call these folks if you are having problems with a debt collection agency - they will get immediate results in your favor. Don’t threaten the collection agency that you have these rights - use them. Bring the collection agency to its knees if they are violating your rights.

The other problem is are these bills, debts even correct? Many hospitals, doctors, etc… have no ethics and will purposely double or even triple bill patients without insurance because they know they can get away with it. If you have a question about your bill demand a itemized bill and have this professionally examined. This will reveal things like overcharging ($100 tissue boxes, 1000 percent markup on medicines, etc…) We entrust these hospitals and doctors with our lives and then they screw us by double billing or worse. Right now there is no government policing on hospitals. Many times a debt collector will actually make up a debt or illegally pass one on to you from someone else (Asset Acceptance has been sued for this many times). Do not assume that you owe any debt and take them to task. If you do owe it, pay it, but pay the least amount possible, and pay it on your terms. If they break the law - make them pay!

If you have a problem with a bill make it known to your state politicians. If enough people do this things will change. Write to your local newspaper, tell a friend, do a press release. Tell others of their rights. Cigarette boxes come with warnings - shouldn’t debt collectors and debt collection agencies with their high propensity to skirt the law also come with mandatory warnings? The more the word gets out, the better the odds something will be done about it.
David Maillie holds numerous patents including his recently awarded patent for headlight repair, cleaner and restorer. He can be reached at M.D. Wholesale: MDwholesale.com Bestskinpeel.com

Fall Noted In Borrowing Outlook

October 30, 2009


Less people are looking to save, borrow or invest money, according to the publication of new figures.

According to GfK NOP’s latest UK Financial Activity Bulletin (FAB) carried out for JGFR, an estimated 35.5 million Britons are expecting to do at least one of the above actions over the next six months, a fall from the 39.5 million recorded this time last year. Some 2.9 million fewer consumers intend to put money into a savings or investment scheme, with those planning to borrow via personal loans and credit cards falling by 1.8 million.

Commenting on the findings, John Gilbert, author of the report, said: “The latest Financial Activity Survey data reflects the straitjacket many consumers find themselves in. More people have adopted a cautious approach to personal finances - seemingly preferring to focus on meeting monthly commitments and spending out of income.”

Mr Gilbert claimed that the study also reveals that financial services providers are set to introduce a series of “attractive offers” over the remainder of the summer months in an attempt to encourage consumer spending activity despite the impact of recent interest rate increases and “squeezed2 household budgets. “As in March the current climate remains a tough one for retail financial services providers. With higher-margin consumer credit constrained by continuing bad debt write-offs, many are having to seek new ways of generating revenue from financially restrained consumers - or cut costs,” he added.

Figures from the firm also indicated that Britons are particularly pessimistic about lending money. The FAB Borrowing Index was reported to have remained unchanged from March’s figures at 74.0 - a record low. Meanwhile, the Consumer Credit Index was shown to have slumped to 74.9 - the lowest figure ever recorded and the fifth consecutive quarter in which Britons’ outlook on credit usage fell. Down from March’s figure of 77.6, the index was also below the 101.1 witnessed in June 2006. The shortfall in demand for consumer credit was attributed to borrowers becoming more careful on how they spend their money amid concerns over future base rate rises by the Bank of England.

Despite fewer people borrowing via credit cards and personal loans in recent months, GfK NOP reported that the past two years have witnessed ‘high levels’ of consumers making repayments on various debts. In turn, the proportion of the adults expecting to complete debt repayments in the coming months has reduced from about a third to less than 25 per cent over the last 12 months. However, the decrease in debt servicing was partially attributed to more consumers taking a break from making secured loan repayments.

At the beginning of last month Alliance & Leicester’s senior personal loans manager Richard Al-Dabbagh claimed that those who borrow money should do so with careful planning and thought. His comments come after research from the company showed that almost half (42 per cent) of car buyers choose an expensive forecourt finance deal as they find it a convenient option. Mr Al-Dabbagh reported that those funding a large purchase via store or credit cards may find a cheap personal loan to be a more competitive choice.
Abbi Rouse writes for the 1 Stop Finance Shop where you can apply online for debt consolidation loans. We specialise in all sorts of personal loans with online application. Visit Today: http://news.1stopfinanceshopuk.biz/

Automobile Tax Deduction Opportunity

October 30, 2009


Tax is one hell of a thing we allow to hate. Why does the government tax us for everything? Tax on vehicles?
Ok tax is fine, but how could I get away from it, at least partially. Let’s find out…

Clean fuel vehicles and gasoline-electric hybrids are the first type of deductions allowed by the federal law. The second is for automobiles that are donated to charitable organizations.

One time tax deduction is allowed for vehicles with clean fuels and the amount is $2000 while $4000 for vehicles under electric hybrids. Vehicles running on natural gas, liquefied natural gas and other fuels where the alcohol content is at least 85% is what qualifies as a clean fuel.

$2000 includes the cost of the engine, the cost of carrying the liquid too.

Form 1040x is used in case of vehicles bought before 2004, while the above deductions are directly for vehicles bought in 2005.

Further Requisites:
The vehicle must be new and purchased for personal usage. It cannot be bought for resale.
The vehicle must be used primarily in the US.
The vehicle’s pollution/emission capacity must meet all federal and state requirements
The vehicle must have four or more wheels, and should be driven on road. (does not include vehicles operating on rails)

The taxpayer has to pay some money back if any of the above rules are flouted.

This deduction is valid up till December 31, 2005. Vehicles bought in 2006 and later, may be entitled to a federal income tax credit. However, this is dependent on the fuel economy, fuel savings and other factors.

The second rule is slightly complicated involving the value of the vehicle and the purpose used by the organization. Thus you may not know the size of your deduction when you make the donation. In addition, there is a $500 limit on the donated vehicle’s value, beyond which the rules get even more complex. A fair market value is determined during such a cause and your immediate deductions may not be known.

Of course, charity is a choice, and you shouldn’t make it unless you are that philanthropic or have money at your disposal. It is better off to sell it.
Find more about Tax Deductions

Debt Consolidation Vs. Debt Settlement Service

October 30, 2009


Debt consolidation and debt settlement services are diverse options to reduce your debt burden. If you are suffering from critical debt problems, a huge outstanding bill then it is entirely your choice whether you should opt for consolidation or go for settlement.

While debt consolidation combines all loans to one single payment, debt settlement services work towards negotiating with creditors and reducing repayment amounts and working out convenient repayment schedules for these loans. A debt settlement service can be regarded as an alternative to debt consolidation in certain specific cases where repayment has totally stopped and you have been marked as a defaulter.

The interest rates offered in a debt consolidation loan is generally lower than the credit card interest rates. Still you are paying a much higher rate that the regular loan products.

When you are unable to minimum payments for a debt consolidation loan, a debt settlement service can be effective to solve your credit problems. Debt settlement companies will settle issues like medical bills, credit card bills, unsecured loans, personal loans, car repossession loans etc.

But if you have taken a home loan or a student loan, government loans, secured loans, auto loans then a debt settlement service might not be suitable for you. A debt settlement service will not settle IRS Debt/Taxes, utility bills or any lawsuits.

You can make monthly payments to a debt settlement company which they keeps in their account or allows you to keep in your account. They negotiate with your creditors to reduce the debt burden by 40-50% and once this is agreed upon then this amount is reported to IRS as taxable income. A debt consolidation loan is often tax deductible.

While debt consolidation helps to revive your credit score when your start repaying the consolidated loan on time by reporting to the credit bureaus about your timely repayment efforts. A debt settlement usually lowers your credit score for the period you opt for a debt negotiation.

Both services are viable options by which you can stop a situation of bankruptcy that affects your credit report adversely, and tainting your credit file for 7 years if not more.

Debt settlement services can guarantee a 40-60% percent cutback on your debts and you can be debt free in 3-4 years after you have opted for a settlement service.

Remember that you target is to reduce your burden and not adding some more by choosing a wrong option. Whether debt consolidation or debt settlement, choose the right option at a competitive cost.
Find more debt help and debt reduction info online. For Weight loss related articles: http://www.weightloss-fyi.info

The High Cost Of A Poor Credit Rating

October 29, 2009


Is your credit rating good or poor? If you’ve recently been turned down for a credit card, store card or loan, it could be because you’ve paid off everything so perfectly that you have no credit history. But it’s more likely to be because your credit rating is poor. And this means it could be difficult to get credit at a price you find attractive.

What Makes A Poor Credit Rating?

Applications for credit are scored using criteria on the application form. For example, home owners score higher than renters and it’s useful to be on the electoral roll. People tend to get a poor credit rating if:

- They have defaulted on payments in the past;
- They have been made bankrupt;
- They have paid bills late (arrears);
- They have had County Court Judgements (CCJs) against them

Bankruptcies and CCJs stay on a credit file for six years, and it is hardest to get credit if these are the problem.

Banks, credit card companies and store card issuers also look at people’s credit report. This is a file maintained by a credit reference agency detailing people’s applications and approvals for credit, borrowings, payment record and electoral roll entry. Equifax and Experian are two of the biggest and best known credit reference agencies and are used by most of the lenders. Over time, a credit report can become quite large, with details of every payment made or missed for every credit card and loan.

How Will A Poor Credit Rating Affect You?

A poor credit rating can mean that a person is turned down for credit. At the very least, it makes it difficult to get a loan, credit card, store card or mortgage. Even if people manage to get these products, they rarely benefit from the same low rates and incentive offers as other credit card applicants. Instead, they may have to pay a higher interest rate, either permanently, or until they show a good record of payments on the credit card or loan.

To give an example, a person with an excellent credit rating could borrow money at an interest rate of under 6% (depending on the loan amount and the particular deal). A person with a poor credit rating might have an interest rate of well over 25%.

Loan Options For People With Poor Credit Ratings

People with poor credit ratings have the option of having a secured loan. This means that if they default their house can be seized to ensure that the lender is paid. For credit cards they could have a card with a high interest rate. There is also the option of a prepaid credit card. This is similar to a prepaid mobile phone card. The card holder tops the card up with money and can spend that amount in places where a credit card is needed.

How To Improve Your Credit Rating

Improving your credit rating can be simple. Make sure you are listed on the electoral roll and pay your bills on time. Finally, get a copy of your credit file from Experian or Equifax to make sure the details are correct. That way you won’t pay the price for someone else’s bad credit history.
Joseph Kenny writes for the, Personal Loan Store and offer more information on bad credit loans available on site.
Visit Today: http://www.ukpersonalloanstore.co.uk/

Using A Real Estate Attorney in For Sale By Owner Transactions

October 29, 2009


Even though you are selling your home without an agent, the assistance of a professional is still needed at various steps in the home selling process. The requirement of a real estate attorney depends on the laws in your state. Even if you live in a state where a real estate attorney is not needed, as a for sale by owner seller, it will still be beneficial for you to use one.

An attorney can serve many purposes in the housing transaction. When you hire an attorney that specialized in real estate, that attorney is responsible for seeing that your best interests are met in the housing transaction. An attorney can act as the escrow agent by holding down payments, documentation, and earnest money deposits. Not only that, the attorney can help you decipher and evaluate complicated offers you might receive from a buyer. In the event that the lenders attorney does not handle the closing, your attorney will host and handle the closing. If the lenders attorney does handle the closing, then your real attorney will represent you in the process.

Your primary concern should be to find a real estate attorney that will provide you with assistance you need in the housing transaction. You can use a local or internet directory to find the names of some attorneys in your area. Asking friends or family who have recently sold homes for references is another way that you can find an attorney to assist you. If there are neighbors with for sale signs in their yards, you can casually inquire about the attorney they are using. Hiring an attorney that comes as a reference is often better than cold calling attorneys.

As you look for an attorney to hire, you should choose one that works primarily with real estate transactions. Avoid choosing a criminal or family law attorney that handles real estate transactions on the side. Your interests will not be best served by an attorney that does not spend a significant part of his or her time in real estate transactions. Certainly do not hire an attorney that has never worked in real estate.

Along with experience in real estate transactions, price will be the other factor you use to choose a real estate attorney. The attorney you hire will have two major responsibilities: reading and advising you on documents and representing you at closing. Get a price quote from prospective attorneys on those two tasks. You can get a discount from the attorney by letting him or her know that you will be preparing and filling out some of the documentation. Shop around among several attorneys to get a feel for experience level and price charged.

The most important thing is that you have a real estate professional available to assist you through the transaction. Even if you have successfully sold a for sale by owner home before, it is better to have legal assistance than to attempt to complete the process on your own.
T. J. Madigan has been established in online business since 1998 and is director of a number of successful online projects. Take advantage of our Free For Sale By Owner Real Estate Directory at www.Home-Sale.com.au.

How To Invest Your Money Safely

October 28, 2009


When it comes to making investments, most people know that there is always room for a possible loss. Stock market investments in particular are rather notorious for taking a rather well funded portfolio and emptying it rather quickly. Of course, that does not happen all the time, otherwise no one would do it. If, on the other hand, you do not want to take what many consider to be an unnecessary risk, there are a number of other investments that are reasonably safer, can still bring a good return, and are definitely worthwhile. Here are a couple of them.

A common phrase that is often used these days to refer to the making of your investments safer is having a balanced portfolio. This means that you are not putting all of your eggs into one basket. You know that some markets are a much greater risk than others, such as trading on the stock market, and so you put some of your investment capital into some that are much safer and less likely to be lost. This “balance,” created by placing some of your investment into a variety of potential interest bearing accounts, should result in an overall gain.

Investments Depend On The Person

If you are a young person, then it should mean that you would be willing to take a higher risk (assuming you have some capital that may be lost). The possibility of the highest gains, unfortunately, also come from the markets with the potential for the highest change. This means that there is a much greater likelihood of a real loss - especially if you do not know what you are doing. By using the services of an experienced trader however, a stockbroker that has been doing it for years, you minimize the possibility of loss. But you should only invest a portion of your finances into the stock market.

If, on the other hand, you are much closer to retirement age, then you do not want to take such a risk with your funds. Instead, you would want to place your soon to be needed funds into a much more stable growth account, where the loss can be minimized and yet still bring a return in interest.

Stable Investing In Trust Funds

If you are looking to stabilize your investments in the stock market with something that is relatively sure, then you need to consider mutual funds. This form of investing places your investment into the hands of investors that basically do the investing for you. They watch the market, manage the funds, and make the changes necessary in order to keep your account growing. After you inform them of what level of risk you are willing to take, then the rest is done for you. They take your funds and spread them over a diverse sort of investments, and it gives you a much more stable package.

The Most Stable Investment - Bonds

Probably the most stable investment you can make is to buy bonds. The safest, of course, are the US Savings Bonds. These are purchased at a set price and guarantee a set interest amount in a specified time period. You cannot get much safer than that - and probably not much is safer than the US Government - investment wise. If you are looking for the highest stability available, then you need to take some of your investment portfolio and add some bonds to it. Bonds are also available from other corporations, cities, etc., but their strength is limited to the financial strength of the company. The longer the time period of your investment - the greater the risk that the company may not be around.

In addition to creating a balanced portfolio, you need either to become very knowledgeable about financial investing, or you need to seek professional counsel. Many people lose a lot of money every year simply because of unnecessary risks. These risks would never have been taken if they had sought counsel from someone who knows much more than they did about the market and investing methods. A truly balanced portfolio will also have an expert to help guide you through the many potential hazards of the investment world.
Joe Kenny writes for the Personal Loans Store, allowing visitors to compare loans and also focuses on personal loans in the UK.
Visit Today: http://www.ukpersonalloanstore.co.uk

Helpful Remortgage Information That You Should Know

October 28, 2009


If you borrow money form a lender and pledge your home as security for the loan then this is commonly known as a mortgage. It is also often known as a home equity loan because it is secured against the equity in your home. The terms and conditions of the mortgage are set by the lender and they set such things as the manner in which you are to pay the instalments; when you have to pay the instalments; the term of the loan; the fact that the lender has the right to repossess your property should you default on the payments; and the interest rate. If you are not happy with any of the terms, in particular the one governing the interest rate that is to be applied to the loan then you should consider a remortgage.

A remortgage is where you take out a further mortgage, normally with a different lender, and use the proceeds of the new mortgage to pay off your existing mortgage. In this way you can often get better terms and conditions and in particular a lower interest rate.

If you built or bought your home with a mortgage and been paying a high rate of interest on it you may consider a remortgage. It could be that the loan market is offering lower interest rates in general or that you in particular are now able to get a lower rate of interest. This could be due to your credit score or rating having improved since you took out your mortgage. This is the time to remortgage and save huge amounts of money over the term of your loan. A lower rate of interest means a cheaper loan.

You may have more equity in your home now because real estate prices have gone up. You could consider a remortgage to allow you to use some of that extra equity to increase your mortgage. If you get a lower rate of interest you may be able to borrow more and still pay less per month.

If you do have spare equity in your home you may be able to do a debt consolidation remortgage. This is where you refinance your mortgage and increase the loan to enable you to not only pay off the existing mortgage but also your unsecured debts such as loans and credit cards. As you are using your house for collateral you are likely to be able to get a lower rate of interest than you the rate on the unsecured debt.

If you can afford to pay a bit extra per month you may consider a remortgage and reduce the term of the mortgage. If you reduce your mortgage term the mortgage will cost you a lot less. However, it will cost you more each month because you need to pay more of the capital each month to repay the loan over the shorter period of time.
Shelley Green is the owner of http://www.mortgages-click.com, a site that specializes in Mortgages. Shelley Green is also the owner of Loans Click and Refinance Click.

Things To Know Before Investing Online

October 27, 2009


Before you take your hard earned money and invest it, it is a good idea to have a plan before you get started. First you will need to define your goal.

A goal can be owning a new home, buying a new car, having enough money for your child’s education as well as a host of other things that need to be thought through. Write a list of yours and your families goals and choose the one thing you desire the most. Next to each item write by when you want to achieve that goal.

You will then need to decide how many years you have to meet each of your targeted goals. This is important because you will need to find the best investment plan for the timeframe you have set up for yourself. You can find many tools to help you figure these things out when you do a little research on the internet.

The next step is to make a financial plan. This will entail figuring out your finances. You will have to be honest about the situation you find yourself in right now When you plan a trip, you never leave without knowing where it is you are starting from and the same can be said about the journey to a secure financial future. Make a list of your assets as well as your liabilities and see how they stack up against each other. With any luck and a lot of hard work, you should have more money coming in than going out and it is with this money you must decide whether to invest online or not.

If you are interested in investing larger amounts of money, but are wondering where it will come from, making small changes in your daily routine can end up saving you a lot of money. Take the cost of a large cup of coffee every morning. If that coffee is more than $1.75 per day, you are wasting as much as fifty dollars a month. If you took that fifty dollars and invested it wisely, it could wind up being five hundred dollars. So make an effort to get a travel cup and make your coffee at home. Put the money you would have spent in a jar, and take the money and invest it.

If you put your money into a savings account that earns 5% interest in a year, you could be talking a nice piece of change you will have to invest. You can do the same thing with going out to eat or going to see a movie. Whenever you deprive yourself of a treat, pay the container anyway and watch your savings account grow.

When you decide to invest online, you want to be sure you have enough money to take the risk. You don’t want to take away from your family needs on a chance that you can double or triple your money. You may lose it instead, and money earmarked for your family expenses shouldn’t be used for online investing.
James Brown writes about ShareBuilder 401(k) promotion code, TradingSolutions.com online coupons and ShareBuilder coupon

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U.S. Government Required Disclaimer - Options trading has large potential rewards, but also large potential risk. You must be aware of the risks and be willing to accept them in order to invest in the options markets. Don't trade with money you can't afford to lose. This website is neither a solicitation nor an offer to Buy/Sell options. No representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those discussed on this website. The past performance of any trading system or methodology is not necessarily indicative of future results.

HYPOTHETICAL OR SIMULATED PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE CERTAIN LIMITATIONS. UNLIKE AN ACTUAL PERFORMANCE RECORD, SIMULATED RESULTS DO NOT REPRESENT ACTUAL TRADING. ALSO, SINCE THE TRADES HAVE NOT BEEN EXECUTED, THE RESULTS MAY HAVE UNDER-OR-OVER COMPENSATED FOR THE IMPACT, IF ANY, OF CERTAIN MARKET FACTORS, SUCH AS LACK OF LIQUIDITY. SIMULATED TRADING PROGRAMS IN GENERAL ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO THE FACT THAT THEY ARE DESIGNED WITH THE BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL OR IS LIKELY TO ACHIEVE PROFIT OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN.